{"id":181,"date":"2026-03-04T07:53:13","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T07:53:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/perminet.com\/blog\/?p=181"},"modified":"2026-03-04T07:53:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T07:53:13","slug":"dijital-kapiniza-dayanan-davetsiz-misafirler-layer-3-4-ve-7-ddos-saldirilari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/perminet.com\/blog\/dijital-kapiniza-dayanan-davetsiz-misafirler-layer-3-4-ve-7-ddos-saldirilari\/","title":{"rendered":"Dijital Kap\u0131n\u0131za Dayanan Davetsiz Misafirler: Layer 3, 4 ve 7 DDoS Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

On be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sunucu odalar\u0131n\u0131n o kendine has u\u011fultusu ve terminal ekranlar\u0131n\u0131n ye\u015fil \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7irdim. Binlerce kez sistemlerin “nefes alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na” \u015fahit oldum. Bir sabah kahvenizi yudumlarken monit\u00f6rlerin bir anda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya d\u00f6nmesi… \u0130\u015fte o an anlars\u0131n\u0131z: DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) kap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki, bu sald\u0131rganlar i\u00e7eri girmek i\u00e7in hangi yolu kullan\u0131yor? Her sald\u0131r\u0131 ayn\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r? Tabii ki hay\u0131r. Gelin, a\u011f katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 (OSI modeli) bir apartman kompleksine benzeterek bu i\u015fi temelinden \u00e7\u00f6zelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. Katman 3 ve 4 (Network & Transport): Otoban\u0131 Kapatan Kamyonlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Layer 3 (A\u011f) ve Layer 4 (Ta\u015f\u0131ma) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, genellikle “Hacimsel (Volumetric)”<\/strong> sald\u0131r\u0131lar olarak bilinir. Burada ama\u00e7 zekice bir s\u0131zma yapmak de\u011fil, hatt\u0131 tamamen t\u0131kamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Layer 3 (ICMP \/ IP Flood) – “Yollar\u0131 Kazal\u0131m”<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bu katmanda sald\u0131rgan, sunucunuza devasa bir veri trafi\u011fi g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Benzetme:<\/strong> Evinize giden t\u00fcm yollara ayn\u0131 anda binlerce hafriyat kamyonunun girdi\u011fini ve yolu fiziksel olarak kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hayal edin. Sizin sipari\u015f etti\u011finiz pizza (ger\u00e7ek veri) o yoldan ge\u00e7ip kap\u0131n\u0131za gelemez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Layer 4 (TCP SYN \/ UDP Flood) – “Zili \u00c7al\u0131p Ka\u00e7anlar”<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    En klasik SysAdmin kabusudur. Sald\u0131rgan, sunucunuza “Ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak istiyorum!” (SYN) der, sunucu “Tamam, haz\u0131r\u0131m” (ACK) yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 verir ama sald\u0131rgan asla geri d\u00f6nmez. Sunucu, o hayali misafiri beklerken kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Benzetme:<\/strong> Birinin kap\u0131 zilinize saniyede binlerce kez bas\u0131p, siz kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda orada olmamas\u0131 gibi. Bir s\u00fcre sonra kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p kapamaktan yorgun d\u00fc\u015fersiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Pro Tip:<\/strong> Layer 3 ve 4 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yerel sunucunuzda (on-premise) \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, yang\u0131n\u0131 bir bardak suyla s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye benzer. Bu a\u015famada ISP (\u0130nternet Servis Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131) d\u00fczeyinde veya bulut tabanl\u0131 bir “Scrubbing Center” (Temizleme Merkezi) kullanmak hayat kurtar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      2. Katman 7 (Application): Garsonu Me\u015fgul Eden M\u00fc\u015fteriler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u0130\u015fte buras\u0131 i\u015fin “sanat” k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. Layer 7 (Uygulama) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sessiz ve derinden gelir. Trafik miktar olarak az g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir ama sunucunun i\u015flemcisini (CPU) ve belle\u011fini (RAM) i\u00e7eriden \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      HTTP Flood – “Bitmek Bilmeyen Sipari\u015fler”<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Sald\u0131rgan, web sitenizin en a\u011f\u0131r sayfas\u0131na (\u00f6rne\u011fin karma\u015f\u0131k bir arama sorgusu veya PDF olu\u015fturma sayfas\u0131) binlerce istek g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Benzetme:<\/strong> Bir restorana gelen 100 ki\u015finin yemek sipari\u015fi vermesi de\u011fil, her birinin garsona “Bu \u00e7orban\u0131n i\u00e7inde ka\u00e7 tane karabiber tanesi var? Tek tek sayar m\u0131s\u0131n?” diye sormas\u0131d\u0131r. Garson (sunucu) me\u015fguliyetten di\u011fer m\u00fc\u015fterilere bakamaz hale gelir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        3. Hangi Sald\u0131r\u0131 Daha Tehlikeli?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \u00d6zellik<\/td>Layer 3 & 4<\/td>Layer 7<\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
        Hedef<\/strong><\/td>Bant Geni\u015fli\u011fi (Bps)<\/td>Sunucu Kaynaklar\u0131 (RPS\/CPU)<\/td><\/tr>
        Y\u00f6ntem<\/strong><\/td>Kaba Kuvvet (Brute Force)<\/td>Taklit ve Karma\u015f\u0131k Sorgular<\/td><\/tr>
        Tespit<\/strong><\/td>Kolay (Trafik art\u0131\u015f\u0131 barizdir)<\/td>Zor (Normal kullan\u0131c\u0131 gibi davran\u0131r)<\/td><\/tr>
        \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong><\/td>Firewall & ISP Korumas\u0131<\/td>WAF (Web Application Firewall) & Captcha<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        E-Tablolar’a aktar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n

        SysAdmin’in Not Defterinden: Savunma Hatt\u0131 Nas\u0131l Kurulur?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u015eart:<\/strong> Neyi korudu\u011funuzu bilmeniz gerekir. Anl\u0131k trafik grafiklerini (Grafana, Zabbix vb.) okumay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Rate Limiting:<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 IP adresinden saniyede gelen istek say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131n. Ger\u00e7ek bir insan saniyede 500 kez sayfa yenilemez.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. WAF Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Layer 7 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir Web Uygulama G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (WAF) \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu sistemler “insan” ile “bot” aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 kokusundan anlar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. At\u0131l Kapasite:<\/strong> Sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 her zaman tam kapasitede \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131n. Olas\u0131 bir y\u00fcklenmede esneklik pay\u0131n\u0131z (headroom) olsun.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          On be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sunucu odalar\u0131n\u0131n o kendine has u\u011fultusu ve terminal ekranlar\u0131n\u0131n ye\u015fil \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7irdim. Binlerce kez sistemlerin “nefes alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na” \u015fahit oldum. Bir sabah kahvenizi yudumlarken monit\u00f6rlerin bir anda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":182,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[38],"class_list":["post-181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-ddos"],"yoast_head":"\nDijital Kap\u0131n\u0131za Dayanan Davetsiz Misafirler: Layer 3, 4 ve 7 DDoS Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 - Perminet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/perminet.com\/blog\/dijital-kapiniza-dayanan-davetsiz-misafirler-layer-3-4-ve-7-ddos-saldirilari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dijital Kap\u0131n\u0131za Dayanan Davetsiz Misafirler: Layer 3, 4 ve 7 DDoS Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 - Perminet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sunucu odalar\u0131n\u0131n o kendine has u\u011fultusu ve terminal ekranlar\u0131n\u0131n ye\u015fil \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7irdim. 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